No, you won't damage anything by using the +4dBu setting.
If you used that setting with the Bryston set to 29dB voltage gain you would find the amp clipping with very little volume from the soundcard. It would be an inefficient 'gain structure', so when using the higher output setting on the soundcard you would use the lower sensitivity setting on the amp.
The +4dBu setting would offer a higher dynamic range, but only if it noise floor was consistent with the -10dBV setting, and I suspect it wouldn't be. Give it a try though, and see what sounds best with regards to noise and dynamic range.
brucek