I've been deciding on some new cable for a room for a while...
For a dedicated room, I'd choose Belden 83803. It's very well shielded, teflon coated, and just all around good wire. I'm pretty sure it exceeds all codes for in-wall wiring as well.
However, since I can't afford to do that at the moment, I'll be getting some Romex 12/3 or something like that... and maybe putting it in some conduit since it's going through the crawlspace under my house.
Lastly, it's been recommended to me to use THNN wire. I've seen it used in power cord recipes as well... I'm sure it'd be good but I don't know if it would pass code.
For breakers, I'll defer to someone with more experience. They all look similar to me at HD or Lowes. I've always used Square-D but, I don't know if they're the best... but, they're more expensive.
-Carl