Here's some words of wisdom from an experienced tube guy I respect when I asked about adding a tube buffer/pre-amp to a solid state system:
"IMO, the 6SN7/12SN7 has just about the most natural tone of any preamp tube. It's not the spankiest or fastest, neither is it the most microdetailed. But for purity of tone and great musicality, it's a tough act to beat. It's highly linear, which is something that none of the 12A_7 family is, and what distortion it produces is nearly pure 2nd harmonic. The 6CG7 offers electrical characteristics and tone very similar to the 6SN7 in a miniature 9 pin envelope.
I'm not a fan of 12A_7 anything, and do not use them except in guitar amps. Even at that, I much prefer the 12BZ7, EF86, and 6SL7, as they produce better tone. But, the 12AU7/5814 is indeed the best sounding tube of this family overall, IMO, most likely due to it's lower gain. Low gain tubes ALWAYS sound much better than high gain tubes! But if it were me, I'd use a 12BH7 instead of a 12AU7, with it's lower plate resistance and higher transconductance.
Have you considered the 5687? It has lower plate resistance than any of the tubes you mentioned, and has great tone with excellent speed and microdetail. One of my fave tubes. Excellent sounding black plate Raytheons and Tung-Sols are still available, and the tube is rated for a 10,000 hour lifespan. Because of it's lower plate resistance and mu, you'll get a lower output Z from it as well if configured as a cathode follower, somewhere around just over 100 ohms. If configured as a White cathode follower (current sourced cathode follower), you'll get an output Z of around 10 ohms.
With a transconductance of 8500 µmhos and a low plate resistance of only 2000 Ohms, it has the necessary slew rate and low output Z to drive high capacitance interconnects and any amplifier input stage with ease.
Then, there's another of my personal faves, the 12B4, which is a highly linear televison vertical amplifier triode the size of a short EL84. The sound is as neutral, uncolored, and transparent as any tube gets. Plus, they glow really pretty like few tubes do!
It adds no signature to the mix, and takes away nothing either. It's plate resistance is only 1000 ohms, and the mu is very low at 6.5. It has "buffer stage" written all over it. FWIW, I use this type as the power tube in the amplifier I listen to most, for about 1 watt. A beautiful tube, and dirt cheap to boot. NOS General Electrics are a dime a dozen, with Sylvanias and Tung-Sols being slightly better but slightly higher priced and much harder to find."
and ...
"5687s are a different pinout from the 12A_7 family, and have night and day different electrical characteristics from even the 12AU7, the most closely related member of that family to the 5687. You can easily rewire a 12A_7 socket for a 5687, but the supply voltage and cathode/plate load resistors values will almost certainly be different. A 5687 has a much lower Rp and higher Gm, and will need a lower value plate load resistor and cathode resistor, and usually a different supply voltage. Note that it's gain is only 18 as well, about the same as the 12AU7's mu of 20.
JLM, a 12B4 makes a great linestage where you want absolute neutrality, but if you want tube sweetness/warmth, it'll not add much. The 5687 is only marginally warmer, but has a great presence and musicality, and does image very nicely. A 5687 SRPP stage is a great choice (excellent dynamics and speed), and so is a 12SN7 SRPP (excellent tone, very natural).
If you can find any NOS VT-231s (military 6SN7), use them in your preamp instead of 12SN7s if you go the 6/12SN7 route. Just the one pair will last you 20 years! Tung-Sol VT-231s are especially magic, and the fave tube of my entire (quite large) 6SN7 collection."