Good questions,
The volume of the port is theoretically a factor in cabinet volume calculations. Given very big ports and very small cabinets, this theory has practical implications. A very real place to consider the impact of port volume would be a subwoofer using one of the Peerless drivers. These need an extensive port to obtain low bass due to their low Q.
With the 1801, the volume of the port is a non-factor. You could easily leave the port protruding from the cabinet and obtain the same results. This is because the volume of the 1801 port is extremely small compared to the volume of the 1801 cabinet.
At the risk of asking a silly question about port lengths, what really matters: the overall length of the port, or the length of the port inside the cabinet?
The length of the port is what matters. Pulling the port out of the cabinet will accomplish... nothing. You will have to cut the port for experimentation. Yes, this is risky, but... I suppose you could super-glue the port back together to obtain the correct length. I have never done this, but it should work just fine.
Does anyone still sell the old ports?
Unfortunately no. I searched high & low then low & high. The old vendor
www.dynavox.com doesn't have any more of the ports, isn't going to get any more of the ports, and won't tell me who to contact in China to obtain more of the old ports

. This is a bit frustrating. There are two solutions I might offer.
1. Contact Jim Salk if you cut your port too short. Jim said that he might have some old 1801 ports gathering dust in his basement
http://www.salksound.com2. Purchase the new port from Madisound:
http://www.madisound.com/accessories.htmlThe mounting hole is bigger, so this might cause some problems. Also the inner flare requires more space inside the cabinet. If the inner flare doesn't fit, then don't use it. This new port is really a slick unit. I'd really like to do some a/b testing, but... I don't have any of the old ports, and can't get any of the old ports. Hence, I can't accomplish any a/b testing, and... results would have no utility since the old port is no longer available. I am certain the new port will perform equal/better than the old port, but I cannot verify the impact.