What happens that makes you think your tubes are bad? These tubes should last a long, long time - like 100,000 hours - are you perhaps rolling tubes that are not exact substitutes for the originals?
No, you cannot mess up your tubes by overdriving them. All you'll get is distortion. In this amp the tubes are not used for power output, they use transistors for that. Did someone perhaps swap out the op amp with one that isn't working right?
Volume levels are meaningless as they are dependent on gain structure. Where the knob is set means nothing.
This isn't a tube headphone amp. It is a tube hybrid meaning the tubes are used to slightly "flavor" the sound.