This is a fun thread. You guys already named several of my favorites, Muddy Waters, Junior Wells, etc. Junior was Muddy's harp player after Little Walter left the band. Little Walter was a pioneer on the blues harp and a pretty bad dude. I would also suggest Howlin Wolf to anyone who likes Blues from Muddy's era. His guitarist, Hubert Sumlin, was a real treat.
My album suggestion is card Hard Again from Muddy Waters. Muddy was no spring chicken when this one was cut but be priced he had enough gas in the tank to record a great blues album, with Johnny Winter on guitar. Johnny's playing is very subtle on this album but nonetheless stellar.
Here is a cool Muddy Waters live performance from the same era, featuring an All-Star cast of players including Dr John, Koko Taylor, Mike Bloomfield, Buddy Miles, and Johnny Winter.
http://m.youtube.com/#/watch?feature=related&v=2ACjE9vympA