Hello-
You could use a 30v transformer for the Lm338T since it wants around a 40v input. 30x1.4=42v.
A 30v transformer cannot be used alone with just a bridge rectifier and filter capacitors because, as stated above, the peak voltage will reach around 42v.
Transformer current should be around 8 amps or more for the regulator.
The regulator is easy to wire and no printed circuits are necessary- a few good terminal strips will work just fine. Find a nice heat sink for it, preferably with the TO-3 package based holes already drilled for you.
Cheap transformer source: Do you have an old stereo receiver around that is 30-50 watts per channel? They have nice power transformers in them and the voltage should be about right.