Christof:
1 and 3 are different. In 1, you are buying a device which includes a built in DAC, but also likely has a digital output. The interface is the USB out, into a DAC, then analog outs to your hifi. The measured Jitter is low to none, due to the USB interface.
I've heard the Emperical Audio at CES, and it sounded wonderful. Others swear by the Wavelength products, which I have not heard but which have been well-reviewed in SPhile.
In 3, there is no DAC, just an interface that converts from USB to SPDIF to use with your existing DAC. 3 was the solution when you wanted to keep an existing DAC, and yes, it has the potential to introduce additional Jitter. This is the el-cheapo solution.
My personal preference is to either go with a mid to high end USB DAC (skip the cheaper solutions) or, like me, buy a Squeezebox for $300 and have Wayne at Bolder modify it. If you do decide to use an external DAC like I did, skip the APOGEE and buy a used Benchmark or MF TriVista. And spend some decent money on a SPDIF cable. You'll have system for about $1000-1400 that kills!