most likely Schiit Magnius and above (some with RCA and XLR) connections.
If the audio is outputted from the headphone amp to another preamplifier will that signal bypass the amplification?
Modius preamp output on the back is just a line-line preamp signal that has not gone through the actual headphone amp stage, which powers the headphone jacks on the front panel only.
You would not want to use Modius preamp output to another preamp, which is just duplicating. If you already have a good preamp you like, you would run a cable to Modius input just to use headphones (not utilizing Modius as preamp).
I still don't know how Schiit is able to sell this "built in California" product for $199.