Welcome.
Modern audio technologies involve mostly digital sourcing with separate DAC (digital analog converter) fed by some sort of computer. Depending on your budget and how much you want to get your hands dirty, there are many options. A couple of my mid-fi friends use their smartphones with a $35 Chromecast and stream Tidal (a $20/month CD quality service with millions of albums to choose from) to an integrated amp and speakers, no CDs or vinyl in sight. At the other end you can spend $$$$ on a dedicated music server (controlled by a tablet for instance) and DAC that adds sound quality and complexity. Note that many DACs now have added a volume control to replace the need for a preamp.
And there are less formable/more conventional options, typically in the mid-fi range. NAD's BlueSound Node family of gear is family friendly and much more affordable (just one example). And even A/V receivers have gotten into the act of allowing computer/internet inputs with more flexibility and still being fairly user friendly. Internet radio (free streaming is everywhere). Storing your music can be as simple as burning up to 400 albums to a $20 thumb drive.
Another development in home audio in recent years that is gaining traction is the use of powered/active speakers where the speaker manufacturer has chosen the power amp(s) to best match the speaker/drivers and put it inside the speaker cabinet. Powered speakers schematically are identical to having a separate power amp, while active speakers use one channel of amplification per driver proceeded by a low voltage crossover with many technical and sonic advantages (trickled down from studio use). Powered/active speakers tend to be smallish 2-way monitors and cheaper than buying separates for the given performance. For example the JBL LSR305 Mk2 ($300/pair) are perfectly wonderful active speakers (compact 2-way monitors).
So a modern high quality system could consist of an iPad, music server (connected to your home network/internet), DAC with volume control, and a pair of active speakers and cost $6000 USD, while a nice mid-fi system can be made up of a smartphone, Bluesound PowerNode, and CSS 2-way speaker kits (to keep your hands dirty) for $1300 or so depending on finishes, etc. Realize that this is just a very quick overview of modern audio.
Take care.
