My take on it is that the CD was invented by Europeans (and Japanese) and so they spelt the second word "disc", which is the normal spelling in UK English.
The hard "disk" drive was, if not invented by Americans, at least, with the PC, popularized by Americans, and so was spelt according to the conventions of American English. Similarly, American English has "skeptical," while UK English has "sceptical."
Of course, if you are sceptical about my explanation, that's okay by me.
Cheers,
Joel.